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The sensitive style ((ドイツ語:empfindsamer Stil)), ''empfindsam'' style, or tender style is a style of musical composition and poetry developed in 18th-century Germany, intended to express "true and natural" feelings, and featuring sudden contrasts of mood. The German noun ''Empfindsamkeit'' is usually translated as sensibility (in the sense used by Jane Austen), while the adjective ''empfindsame'' is sometimes rendered as sentimental or ultrasensitive . ''Empfindsamkeit'' is also sometimes translated, and may even be derived from the English word sentimentality, since it is related to the contemporary English sentimentality literary movement . It was developed as a contrast to the Baroque ''Affektenlehre'' (lit. "The Doctrine of Affections"), in which a composition (or movement) would have the same affect, or emotion, throughout. The ''empfindsamer Stil'' is similar to and often considered a dialect of the international ''galant'' style, which is marked by simple homophonic textures and periodic melodies (; ). ''Empfindsamkeit'', however—unlike the broader ''galant'' style—tends to avoid lavish ornamentation . The dramatic fluidity that was a goal of the ''empfindsamer Stil'' has encouraged historians to view mid-century ''Empfindsamkeit'' as a slightly earlier parallel to the showier and stormier phase called ''Sturm und Drang'' (storm and stress) that emerged around 1770 . These two trends are together regarded as "pre-Romantic" manifestations, because of their emphasis on features such as extreme expressive contrasts with disruptive incursions, instability of key, sudden changes of register, dynamic contrast, and exciting orchestral effects, all of which are atypical of musical classicism as practiced in the second half of the eighteenth century . The ''empfindsamer Stil'' is especially associated with the so-called Berlin School at the Prussian court of Frederick the Great. Traits characteristic for composers of this school are a particular fondess for Adagio movements and precise attention to ornaments and dynamics , as well as the liberal use of appoggiaturas ("sigh" figures) and frequent melodic and harmonic chromaticism . Composers in this style include: * Carl Friedrich Abel * C. P. E. Bach, the second eldest son of J. S. Bach * Wilhelm Friedemann Bach, the eldest son of J. S. Bach * Georg Benda * Anton Fils * Carl Heinrich Graun * Gottfried August Homilius * Johann Gottlieb Janitsch * Johann Joachim Quantz * Johann Friedrich Reichardt * Christoph Schaffrath * Carlos Seixas Poets in this style include: * Salomon Gessner ==See also== * Galant * Singspiel 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sensitive style」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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